Regarding Glomerulus

Question: Regarding Glomerulus

a) is a small tuft of capillaries

b) contains podocytes

c) covered with diaphragm

d) small fenestrae of endothelial cell

e) contains mesangial cells

Answer hint:

Glomerulus is a small tuft of capillaries. Glomerular epithelial cells podocytes put out the long foot process which interdigitate with those of adjacent epithelial cells. Glomerular capillary endothelial cells contain pores. These pores are called fenestrae. They are large fenestrae, are not covered by diaphragm. Which allow access of circulating molecules to the underlying GBM. Mesangial cells lie in the central region of glomerulus.

Answer of Regarding Glomerulus

TRUE a) is a small tuft of capillaries

TRUE b) contains podocytes

FALSE c) covered with diaphragm

FALSE d) small fenestrae of endothelial cell

TRUE e) contains mesangial cells

Regarding Glomerulus

Regarding Renin

Question: Regarding Renin

a) Acts as a enzyme

b) Secreted from Juxtaglomerular apparatus

c) Secreted in response to reduced efferent arteriolar pressure

d) Reduced Na+ content in fluid of distal convoluted tubule causes secretion

e) Plasma renin activity measured in hypertension

Answer hint:

Renin referred to as a hormone although it has no peripheral receptors and rather has an enzymatic activity with which it hydrolyzes angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Renin generates Angiotensin II which causes aldosterone release from the adrenal cortex. Then it causes hypertension. Renin is usually measured as the Plasma Renin Activity (PRA). PRA is measured especially in a case of certain disease that present with hypertension or hypotension. PRA is also raised in certain tumors. PRA measured may be compared to Plasma Aldosterone Concentration.

Answer of Regarding Renin

True a) Acts as a enzyme

True b) Secreted from Justaglomerular apparatus

False c) Secreted in response to reduced efferent arteriolar pressure

True d) Reduced Na+ content in fluid of distal convoluted tubule causes secretion

True e) Plasma renin activity measured in hypertension

Regarding Renin

Regarding Erythropoietin

Question: Regarding Erythropoietin

a) Released from Mesangial cells

b) Released from Interstitial Peritubular cells

c) is a glycoprotein

d) released from macula densa

e) Released from JG cells

Answer hint:

Erythropoietin is produced by interstitial peritubular cells in response to hypoxia. It is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver. It is a glycoprotein.

Erythropoietin is released fro

1) Kidney (85%)

2) Liver (15%)

3) Spleen

4) Brain

5) Uterus

6) Salivary Gland

So the

Answer is Regarding Erythropoietin

False a) Released from Mesangial cells

True b) Released from Interstitial Peritubular cells

True c) is a glycoprotein

False d) released from macula densa

False e) Released from JG cells

Regarding Erythropoietin

Most Common Features of Heat Stroke

Most Common Features of Heat Stroke

a) Irritation

b) Fatigue

c) Tachycardia

d) Multiple Organ Failure

e) Headache

Answer: d) Multiple Organ Failure

Heat Stroke Treatment Davidson 22 Page 104

 

 

Heat stroke clinical features

• 
  

  Hot and not sweating

  
  


• 
  

  Multiple organ failure

  
  


• 
  

  shock

  
  


• 
  

  Confusion

  
  


• 
  

  aggression

  
  

Heat exhaustion clinical features

• 
  

  Hot and sweating

  
  


• 
  

  Dehydration

  
  


• 
  

  tachycardia

  
  


• 
  

  Irritability

  
  


• 
  

  fatigue

  
  


• 
  

  headache

  
  


• 
  

  weakness

  
  

Heat stroke occurs when the core body temperature rises above 40°C and is a life­threatening condition.

 

Most Common Features of Heat Stroke